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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease associated with aging that gradually destroys sharp, central vision. It is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness for persons age 75 and older.

The progression of AMD can be slow or rapid, but the deterioration of central vision generally occurs over a period of a few years. If you experience the following, see your eye doctor right away:

- Straight lines that appear wavy
- Difficulty seeing at a distance
- Decreased ability to distinguish colors
- Inability to see details, such as faces or words in a book
- Dark or empty spots block the center of your vision

Although the exact cause of macular degeneration is unknown, several studies have show the following individuals may be at risk:

- People over age 60
- People with hypertension
- People that smoke
- People with a family history of AMD

The "dry" form of macular degeneration affects approximately 90 percent of those with AMD. Studies have shown that high levels of zinc and antioxidants play a role in slowing the progression of dry macular degeneration in advanced cases.

The "wet" form affects only 10 percent of those with AMD, but it accounts for 90 percent of all severe vision loss from the disease. For these individuals, conventional laser treatment and photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment is used. PDT is used to reduce the risk of severe vision loss in patients with a few very specific forms of "wet" macular degeneration. Other experimental treatments that are being investigated include, intraocular antineovascular injections and the insertion of a "retinal chip" to restore vision loss.

Early detection and treatment is the best defense against losing your vision. If you are a risk for macular degeneration, see your eye doctor for a complete exam at least every one to two years. If your vision has been reduced, low vision rehabilitation resources can help you maintain an excellent quality of life.

Created on 2/23/2004